| Uncertainty Principle |
the characteristic that any measurement involves estimates
and cannot be exactly reproduced |
| Unimolecular step |
a reaction step involving only one molecule |
| Unit cell |
he smallest repeating unit of a lattice |
| Unit factor |
an equivalence statement between units used for converting
from one unit to another |
| Universal gas constant |
the combined proportionality constant in the ideal gas law;
0.08206 L atm/K mol or 8.3145 J/K mol |
| Useful Work |
Work other than pressure-volune work that is obtainable from
a system |
| Valence |
The chemical conbining capacity of an element or ion |
| Valence Band |
In a metal, the highest energy band of molecular orbitals
that is filled with electrons |
| Valence Bond Model |
The description of covalent bonding as the result of the
overlap of atomic orbitals each of which contains an unpaired electron |
| Valence electrons |
the electrons in the outermost principal quantum level of an
atom |
| Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) model |
a model whose main postulate is that the structure around a
given atom in a molecule is determined principally by minimizing electron-pair repulsions |
| van der Waals's equation |
a mathematical expression for describing the behavior of real
gases |
| van't Hoff factor |
the ratio of moles of particles in solution to moles of
solute dissolved |
| Vaporization |
The conversion of a liquid or solid to a vapor |
| Vapor pressure |
the pressure of the vapor over a liquid at equilibrium |
| Vibrational Spectra |
Absorption spectra resulting from the excitation of molecules
between vibrational energy states; infrared spectra |
| Viscosity |
The resistance of a liquid to flow |
| Volatile |
Having a relatively high vapor pressure and a relatively low
boiling point |
| Volt |
the unit of electrical potential defined as one joule of work
per coulomb of charge transferred |
| Voltaic Cell |
An electrochemical cell that releases electric energy as the
result of a spontaneous oxidation- reduction reaction also called a galvanic cell |
| Voltmeter |
an instrument that measures cell potential by draw
ing electric current through a known resistance |
| Volumetric analysis |
process involving titration of one solution with another |
| Vulcanization |
a process in which sulfur is added to rubber and the mixture
is heated, causing crosslinking of the polymer chains and thus adding strength to the
rubber |
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